مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

شناسایی و اولویت­بندی فرصت‌های کارآفرینی روستایی در شرایط تغییر اقلیم (مورد مطالعه: استان همدان)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.
2 سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان همدان، همدان، ایران.
3 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.
4 گروه برنامه‌ریزی و توسعه‌کشاورزی، موسسه آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
مقدمه: با توجه به چالش‌ها و آسیب‌های ناشی از تغییرات اقلیمی، شناسایی فرصت‌های کارآفرینی مناسب می‌تواند به افزایش تاب‌آوری کشاورزان و جوامع روستایی و تقویت اقتصاد محلی کمک نماید. از همین‌رو، پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی فرصت‌های کارآفرینی روستایی مناسب برای شرایط تغییر اقلیم در استان همدان انجام‌شده است.
روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از جهت شیوۀ گردآوری داده‌ها، نوعی تحقیق توصیفی است که به شیوۀ ترکیبی (کیفی-کمی) انجام شده است. جامعۀ آماری در بخش کیفی تحقیق، کارآفرینان کشاورزی و روستایی و متخصصان حوزه‌های مرتبط با کارآفرینی و اقتصاد روستایی بودند که بر مبنای شیوۀ نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی، ۱۶ نفر از آن‌ها به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. تکنیک اصلی گردآوری اطلاعات مورد نیاز پژوهش در بخش کیفی، مصاحبه‌های عمیق و نیمه ساختارمند و در بخش کمی، پرسشنامه‌ای محقق ساخته و مبتنی بر یافته‌های بخش کیفی بود. تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات بخش کیفی با استفاده از تکنیک‌های مرسوم شامل کدگذاری داده‌ها و شناسایی مقوله‌ها انجام شد و به شناسایی و استخراج فرصت‌های کارآفرینی روستایی منتهی گردید. سپس فرصت‌های شناسایی‌شده، بر مبنای نظرات گروهی متشکل از ۱۶ نفر از کارشناسان و با در نظر گرفتن سه معیار در دسترس بودن منابع و سرمایۀ مورد نیاز، بازدهی و توانایی ایجاد ارزش و ظرفیت و پتانسیل بازار، امتیازدهی و با استفاده از تکنیک تاپسیس اولویت‌بندی شدند.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق، فرصت‌های کارآفرینی شناسایی‌شده در بخش کیفی مشتمل بر ۴۱ نوع فرصت در ده زمینۀ فعالیت شامل مشاغل خانگی، تولید انرژی پاک، اقدامات کشاورزی هوشمند، فعالیت‌های نانوتکنولوژی، توسعۀ بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، ابتکارات کشاورزی اقلیم-هوشمند، خدمات گردشگری، گیاهان دارویی، توسعۀ بازاریابی و فروش محصولات و اجرای طرح‌های آبخیزداری بودند که با در نظر گرفتن معیارهای مورد نظر، اولویت‌بندی آن‌ها انجام شد.
نتیجه‌گیری/ دستاوردها: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد بر مبنای ظرفیت‌های مناطق روستایی و شرایط جغرافیایی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی مناطق مختلف استان همدان، تنوعی از فرصت‌های کارآفرینی و زمینه‌های شغلی می‌تواند برای مدیریت بهتر شرایط تغییر اقلیم مورد توجه روستاییان و کارآفرینان قرار گیرد. همچنین با تأمل بر نتایج تحقیق و نوع فرصت‌های کارآفرینی روستایی شناسایی‌شده، می‌توان دریافت که مدیریت آسیب‌های ناشی از تغییر اقلیم، علاوه بر نیاز به خلاقیت و نوآوری در شناسایی فرصت‌های کارآفرینی در زمینه‌های مرتبط با فعالیت‌های جاری و سنتی و ظرفیت‌های موجود در مناطق روستایی نظیر تولیدات و مصنوعات خانگی و گیاهان دارویی، نیازمند بهره‌گیری مناسب از دانش و فناوری نوین نظیر نانوفناوری و زیست‌فناوری و توسعۀ نظام‌های کشاورزی هوشمند و مبتنی بر داده، برای بهره‌ور سازی جریان تولید کشاورزی و به‌تبع آن کاهش نیاز به منابع آب و انرژی است که این امر، ضرورت ورود صاحبان دانش و فناوری‌های جدید به حوزۀ کارآفرینی روستایی برای مدیریت مؤثر شرایط تغییر اقلیم استان را نشان می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Identifying and Prioritizing Rural Entrepreneurship Opportunities in the Context of Climate Change: A Case Study of Hamadan Province, Iran

نویسندگان English

Ahmad Yaghoubi Farani 1
Seyedeh Setareh Mousavi Athar 2
Mehrdad Pouya 3
Mahsa Motaghed 4
1 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Agriculture-Jahad Organizatio, Hamedan. Iran.
3 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
4 Department of Planning and Agricultural Development, Faculty of Agricultural Education and Extension Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: Climate change poses significant challenges and risks to farmers and rural communities. Identifying suitable entrepreneurial opportunities can contribute to enhancing their resilience, strengthening local economies, and supporting adaptation to climate change. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify and prioritize rural entrepreneurial opportunities appropriate to the context of climate change in Hamadan Province, Iran.
Methodology: This applied study employed a descriptive, mixed-methods (qualitative–quantitative) research design. In the qualitative phase, the study population comprised agricultural and rural entrepreneurs and experts in entrepreneurship and rural economic development. Using snowball sampling, 16 participants were selected. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews in the qualitative phase and a researcher-developed questionnaire based on the qualitative findings in the quantitative phase. Qualitative data were analyzed using conventional procedures, including data coding and category identification, which led to the identification and extraction of rural entrepreneurial opportunities. Subsequently, the identified opportunities were evaluated and prioritized based on the judgments of a panel of 16 experts using three criteria: availability of required resources and capital, profitability and value-creation potential, and market capacity and potential. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used for prioritization.
Findings: The qualitative findings identified 41 rural entrepreneurial opportunities across ten areas of activity: home-based businesses, clean energy production, smart agriculture practices, nanotechnology applications, agricultural biotechnology development, climate-smart agriculture initiatives, tourism services, medicinal plants, product marketing and sales development, and watershed management projects. The identified opportunities were subsequently prioritized according to the specified evaluation criteria.
Conclusion/Implications: The findings indicate that, given the capacities of rural areas and the diverse geographical, economic, and social conditions across Hamadan Province, a wide range of entrepreneurial and employment opportunities can be developed to enhance rural adaptation to and management of climate change. The findings further demonstrate that addressing the impacts of climate change requires not only creativity and innovation in developing entrepreneurial opportunities based on existing rural capacities-such as home-based production and medicinal plants-but also the effective adoption of modern knowledge and technologies, including nanotechnology and biotechnology, as well as the development of smart, data-driven agricultural systems. Such approaches can improve the efficiency of agricultural production and, consequently, reduce dependence on water and energy resources. These findings highlight the importance of involving knowledge-intensive entrepreneurs and technology-based ventures in rural entrepreneurship as a means of effectively responding to climate change challenges in the province.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

rural entrepreneurship
entrepreneurial opportunities
climate change
TOPSIS Technique
Hamedan province
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  • تاریخ دریافت 15 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 16 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 17 تیر 1404