Introduction: Given the challenges and damages caused by climate change, identifying suitable entrepreneurial opportunities can help increase the resilience of farmers and rural communities and strengthen the local economy. Therefore, this study aims to identify and prioritize suitable rural entrepreneurship opportunities for climate change conditions in Hamadan province.

Methodology: This research is an applied, in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method, conducted in a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) manner. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the research included agricultural and rural entrepreneurs and experts in fields related to entrepreneurship and rural economy, from which 16 people were selected as samples based on the snowball sampling method. The main technique for collecting the necessary information in the qualitative part was in-depth and semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative part was used. The analysis of the qualitative information was carried out using conventional techniques, including data coding and category identification, leading to the identification and extraction of rural entrepreneurship opportunities. Then, the identified opportunities were scored and prioritized based on the opinions of a group of 16 experts, considering three criteria: availability of resources and required capital, profitability and value creation ability, and market capacity and potential, using the Topsis technique.

Findings: Based on the research results, the identified entrepreneurial opportunities in the qualitative part of the research included 41 types of rural entrepreneurial opportunities in ten areas of activity, including home-based businesses, clean energy production, smart agriculture initiatives, nanotechnology activities, agricultural biotechnology development, climate-smart agricultural initiatives, tourism services, medicinal plants, marketing and sales development of products, and implementation of watershed management projects. These opportunities were prioritized considering the relevant criteria.

Conclusion/ Implications: The results of this research showed that based on the capacities of rural areas and the geographical, economic, and social conditions of different regions of Hamadan province, a variety of entrepreneurial opportunities and job fields can be considered by rural residents and entrepreneurs for better management of climate change conditions. Additionally, reflecting on the research results and the types of identified rural entrepreneurial opportunities, it can be understood that managing the damages caused by climate change, in addition to requiring creativity and innovation in identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in areas related to current and traditional activities and existing capacities in rural areas such as home-made products and medicinal plants, requires the appropriate utilization of modern knowledge and technology such as nanotechnology and biotechnology and the development of smart and data-driven agricultural systems to optimize agricultural production flow and consequently reduce the need for water and energy resources. This highlights the necessity of involving knowledgeable individuals and new technologies in rural entrepreneurship to effectively manage the climate change conditions in the province.