مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

تأثیر ابعاد ذهنیت کارآفرینانه بر قصد کارآفرینانه دانشجویان دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان
گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.
چکیده
مقدمه: کارآفرینی به‌عنوان موتور محرکۀ نوآوری، ایجاد اشتغال و رشد اقتصادی، نقش محوری در توسعۀ پایدار جوامع ایفا می‌کند. قصد کارآفرینانه به‌عنوان پیش‌نیاز رفتار کارآفرینانه، تحت تأثیر عوامل روان‌شناختی از جمله ذهنیت کارآفرینانه شکل می‌گیرد. ذهنیت کارآفرینانه مجموعه‌ای از ویژگی‌های شناختی و رفتاری است که توانایی فرد را در شناسایی فرصت‌ها، اتخاذ تصمیمات در شرایط عدم‌قطعیت و ایجاد ارزش اقتصادی می‌سنجد. با وجود پژوهش‌های متعدد در این حوزه، بررسی هم‌زمان ابعاد مختلف ذهنیت کارآفرینانه و تأثیر آن‌ها بر قصد کارآفرینانۀ دانشجویان -به‌ویژه در محیط‌های دانشگاهی ایران- محدود است. این مطالعه با هدف تحلیل تأثیر پنج بُعد کلیدی ذهنیت کارآفرینانه شامل خلاقیت، فرصت‌طلبی، ریسک‌پذیری، تحمل ابهام و خوش‌بینی گرایشی بر قصد کارآفرینانۀ دانشجویان دانشگاه بوعلی سینا انجام شده است.
روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش از نوع کمی-همبستگی با رویکرد مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری است. جامعۀ آماری شامل دانشجویان دانشگاه بوعلی سینا بود (12000 : N) که ۱۹۰ نفر از آن‌ها به‌عنوان نمونۀ آماری با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه‌های استاندارد جمع‌آوری شدند. برای سنجش روایی پرسشنامه از نظرات متخصصان کارآفرینی و روایی سازه (روایی همگرا و واگرا) و برای ارزیابی پایایی آن از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی استفاده شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و SmartPLS و به‌کارگیری روش حداقل مربعات جزئی انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که خلاقیت، ریسک‌پذیری و تحمل ابهام تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر قصد کارآفرینانه دارند، در حالی‌که فرصت‌طلبی تأثیر معناداری نشان نداد و خوش‌بینی گرایشی نیز تنها تأثیر حاشیه‌ای داشت. بر اساس نتایج، متغیرهای مستقل توانستند ۳۰ درصد واریانس قصد کارآفرینانۀ دانشجویان را تبیین نمایند که نشان‌دهندۀ تأثیر معنادار ابعاد ذهنیت کارآفرینانه بر قصد کارآفرینانه است. همچنین، شدت قدرت پیش‌بینی مدل (Q2) برابر ۱۸/۰ بود که بیانگر برازش نسبتاً مناسب مدل ساختاری پژوهش است.
نتیجه‌گیری/ دستاوردها: نتایج این پژوهش بر اهمیت تقویت مهارت‌های خلاقانه، افزایش تحمل ابهام و توسعۀ ریسک‌پذیری در میان دانشجویان تأکید دارد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که برای افزایش قصد کارآفرینانه، تنها تمرکز بر شناسایی فرصت‌ها کافی نیست و سایر ابعاد ذهنیت کارآفرینانه نیز باید توسعه یابند. همچنین، این مطالعه به برنامه‌ریزان آموزشی و سیاست‌گذاران کمک می‌کند تا برنامه‌های مؤثرتری برای تقویت کارآفرینی در میان دانشجویان طراحی کنند. از این‌رو، پیشنهاد می‌شود دانشگاه‌ها با اجرای دوره‌های آموزشی عملی، برگزاری کارگاه‌های شبیه‌سازی کسب‌وکار و تعامل بیشتر با کارآفرینان موفق، محیط مناسبی برای رشد ذهنیت کارآفرینانۀ دانشجویان و در نتیجه تقویت قصد کارآفرینانۀ آن‌ها فراهم آورند. در نهایت، این پژوهش می‌تواند مبنایی برای پژوهش‌های آینده در زمینۀ کارآفرینی و توسعۀ ذهنیت کارآفرینانه در محیط‌های دانشگاهی باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Mindset Dimensions on the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Bu-Ali Sina University Students

نویسندگان English

Saeid Karimi
Zahra Kosari Honarmand
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: Entrepreneurship is widely recognized as a key driver of innovation, employment generation, and economic growth, playing a pivotal role in the sustainable development of societies. Entrepreneurial intention, as a precursor to entrepreneurial behavior, is influenced by various psychological factors, among which the entrepreneurial mindset is particularly important. Entrepreneurial mindset refers to a set of cognitive and behavioral characteristics that enable individuals to identify opportunities, make decisions under conditions of uncertainty, and create economic value. Despite the growing body of research on entrepreneurial mindset, limited attention has been paid to the simultaneous examination of its multiple dimensions and their influence on entrepreneurial intention, particularly within the context of Iranian higher education. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of five key dimensions of entrepreneurial mindset-creativity, opportunity alertness, risk-taking propensity, tolerance for ambiguity, and dispositional optimism-on the entrepreneurial intention of students at Bu-Ali Sina University.
Methodology: This study employed a quantitative correlational design using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The statistical population consisted of all students at Bu-Ali Sina University (N = 12,000), from which 190 participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires. Content validity was assessed through expert review, while construct validity was examined using convergent and discriminant validity measures. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability coefficients. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and SmartPLS software packages.
Findings: The findings revealed that creativity, risk-taking propensity, and tolerance for ambiguity exerted significant positive effects on entrepreneurial intention. In contrast, opportunity alertness did not have a significant effect, while dispositional optimism demonstrated only a marginal influence. The model explained 30% of the variance in students’ entrepreneurial intention (R² = 0.30), indicating that the dimensions of entrepreneurial mindset play a meaningful role in shaping entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, the predictive relevance of the model was confirmed (Q² = 0.18), suggesting an acceptable level of predictive power and structural model adequacy.
Conclusion/Implications: The findings underscore the importance of enhancing creativity, strengthening tolerance for ambiguity, and fostering risk-taking tendencies among university students as key antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. The results suggest that promoting entrepreneurial intention requires a comprehensive approach that extends beyond opportunity recognition to encompass multiple dimensions of entrepreneurial mindset. The study also provides practical implications for educators, university administrators, and policymakers seeking to design more effective entrepreneurship development programs. Accordingly, universities are encouraged to implement experiential learning opportunities, business simulation workshops, and structured interactions with successful entrepreneurs to cultivate students’ entrepreneurial mindset and strengthen their entrepreneurial intentions. Finally, this study contributes to the growing literature on entrepreneurial mindset and offers a foundation for future research on entrepreneurship development in higher education settings.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Entrepreneurial mindset
entrepreneurial intention
creativity
risk-taking
tolerance for ambiguity
dispositional optimism
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