مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

مروری بر حکمرانی نظام نوآوری کره جنوبی: استخراج دلالت‌های سیاستی برای راهبری اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان

نوع مقاله : علمی- مروری

نویسندگان
1 گروه مطالعات تکنولوژی، پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری‌های نوین، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه علوم سیاسی و حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.
3 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.
چکیده
مقدمه: با توجه به توسعۀ دانش و فناوری در حوزه‌های مختلف، شناسایی روندهایی برای رصد، توسعه و تبدیل آن‌ها به درآمد و ثروت ملی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. در این میان، طراحی الگو، سنجه‌ها، شاخص‌ها و نشانگرهای نمایا با توان پایش، ارزشیابی، پیامدسنجی، روندکاوی و ترازیابی در سطح ملی و به‌ویژه بین‌المللی می‌تواند به تحقق اهداف گفته‌شده کمک کند. به همین خاطر در پژوهش حاضر، به مرور ابعاد حکمرانی نظام نوآوری کرۀ جنوبی با هدف استخراج دلالت‌های سیاستی برای راهبری اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان پرداخته شده است تا از این طریق، آموزه‌هایی برای راهبری و سیاست‌گذاری علم، فناوری و نوآوری با چشم‌انداز تحقق اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان استخراج شود.
روش‌شناسی: این تحقیق به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی؛ از نظر کنترل متغیرها، توصیفی غیرآزمایشی و به لحاظ دیدمان کلی، از نوع کیفی بوده و از داده‌های دست‌دوم بهره گرفته است. در این پژوهش، از مرور نظام‌یافته به‌عنوان روش تحقیق بهره گرفته شد. پرسش اصلی پژوهش عبارت بود از: الگوی حکمرانی، سیاست‌گذاری و ارزیابی نوآوری در سطح ملی در کشور کرۀ جنوبی کدام است؟ و به‌صورت تطبیقی، دلالت‌های آن برای کشور ایران چیست؟
یافته‌ها: نتیجۀ جستجو، مجموعه‌ای شامل ۲۹۴ مقاله بود که تا زمان انجام تحقیق، منتشر و در دسترس بودند. مقالات انتخاب‌شده طی چند مرحله ارزیابی شدند و تعدادی از آن‌ها به‌دلیل مطابق نبودن با موضوع حذف شدند. در پایان، ۳۳ اثر برای مرور عمیق انتخاب شدند. از جمله معیارهای پالایش عبارت بودند از: ثبت در پایگاه‌های معتبر، روش تحقیق و داده‌های معتبر، داشتن کیفیت محتوایی مرتبط با موضوع (حکمرانی، مدیریت، سیاست‌گذاری و ارزیابی) و عدم تکراری بودن. پس از افشره‌گیری مفهومی، گزاره‌های مستخرج در سه سویه تدوین شدند: (الف) نیمرخ نظام نوآوری، (ب) عناصر کلیدی سیاست نوآوری و (ج) سنجه‌های کلیدی ارزیابی و ارزش‌گذاری نوآوری در کرۀ جنوبی. طبق یافته‌ها، نیمرخ نظام نوآوری کرۀ جنوبی، آمیزه‌ای هماهنگ و پویا از سیاست‌های حمایتی هدفمند دولت، عملکرد مؤسسات تحقیقاتی عمومی، آموزش عالی و سرمایه‌گذاری بخش خصوصی (از جمله چیبول‌ها) را نشان می‌دهد. این کشور از طریق ایجاد خوشه‌ها و شبکه‌های تجاری، توسعۀ زنجیرۀ نوآوری با رویکرد تجاری‌سازی را تقویت کرده و فعالانه به‌دنبال مشارکت‌های بین‌المللی برای تقویت نظام نوآوری خود است. کرۀ جنوبی پیمایش ملی نوآوری را به انجام رسانده و به لحاظ شاخص‌های مورد استفاده برای ارزیابی نوآوری و تجاری‌سازی فناوری‌ها، توجه ویژه‌ای به شاخص‌ها و نشانگرهای پیامد نوآوری مبذول داشته است.
نتیجه‌گیری/ دستاوردها: با در نظر گرفتن آموزه‌های حاصل از مرور تطبیقی نظام حکمرانی نوآوری کرۀ جنوبی، اقداماتی برای بهبود مناسبات نهادی و حکمرانی نظام نوآوری در ایران پیشنهاد شد. از جملۀ این اقدامات می‌توان به طراحی و اجرای پیمایش ملی نوآوری ایران و بازخوراندن یافته‌های حاصل به فرآیندهای سیاست‌گذاری نوآوری در سطح کشور، حمایت از تحقیق و توسعه در بخش صنایع و کسب‌وکار (به‌جای تمرکز در دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات تحقیقاتی عمومی)، بازآفرینی خوشه‌های صنعتی در بخش‌های مختلف (از جمله در قالب شهرک‌های صنعتی با رویکرد تکمیل زنجیره‌های ارزش) و تقویت نقش نهادهای میانجی اشاره کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A Review of South Korea’s Innovation System Governance: Deriving Policy Implications for Steering the Knowledge-Based Economy

نویسندگان English

Negin Fallah Haghighi 1
Hamin Ahmadi 2
Gholamhossein Abdollahzadeh 3
Mohammad Sharif Sharifzadeh 3
1 Department of Technology Development Studies (DTDS), Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Political Science and Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
3 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: Given the rapid advancement of knowledge and technology across various fields, identifying emerging trends and developing mechanisms to monitor, assess, and translate these advancements into national income and wealth has become increasingly important. In this context, the development of models, metrics, indices, and indicators capable of monitoring, evaluation, impact assessment, trend analysis, and benchmarking-particularly at the international level-can contribute to more effective science, technology, and innovation (STI) governance and policymaking. Accordingly, this study reviews the governance dimensions of South Korea’s innovation system with the aim of deriving policy implications for steering a knowledge-based economy and generating insights for the governance and policymaking of Iran’s STI system.
Methodology: A systematic review was employed as the primary research approach. The study addressed two main questions: (1) What are the key features of the national model of innovation governance, policy formulation, and evaluation in South Korea? and (2) What policy implications can be derived from the South Korean experience for the Iranian context? A systematic search initially identified 294 articles. Following several stages of screening and evaluation, studies that were not sufficiently aligned with the research objectives were excluded. Ultimately, 33 articles were selected for in-depth analysis. The inclusion criteria comprised publication in reputable academic databases, methodological rigor and reliability of research data, substantive relevance to innovation governance, management, policymaking, and evaluation, and the absence of duplicate studies.
Findings: The conceptual synthesis of the selected studies resulted in three major thematic categories: (a) the profile of the innovation system, (b) the key characteristics of innovation policy, and (c) essential metrics for assessing and valuing innovation in South Korea. The findings indicate that South Korea’s innovation system is characterized by a coherent and dynamic combination of targeted government support policies, effective public research institutions, a strong higher education sector, and substantial private-sector investment, particularly by large business conglomerates (Chaebols). South Korea has strengthened its innovation chain through a commercialization-oriented approach, supported by well-established innovation clusters and business networks. The country has also actively pursued international R&D collaboration to strengthen its innovation capabilities and enhance the global integration of its innovation system. In addition, South Korea has implemented national innovation surveys with a particular emphasis on impact-oriented indicators for assessing the outcomes and broader effects of innovation.
Conclusion / Implications: The findings suggest that South Korea’s experience offers important policy lessons for strengthening the governance of Iran’s innovation system. In particular, greater policy coherence, stronger linkages among government, universities, research institutions, and the private sector, a stronger focus on innovation commercialization, the development of innovation clusters and business networks, the promotion of international R&D collaboration, and the adoption of impact-oriented innovation indicators can contribute to more effective governance of Iran’s innovation system and support the transition toward a more dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Knowledge economy, South Korea'
s innovation ecosystem, national innovation policy, innovation governance
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  • تاریخ دریافت 05 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 18 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 18 خرداد 1404