مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

تأثیر قابلیت‌های شناختی دانشجویان در شکل‌گیری قصد کارآفرینانه: نقش تعدیل‌گر اختلال کم‌توجهی/ بیش‌فعالی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان
گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.
چکیده
مقدمه: در سال‌های اخیر سلامت روان و نقش آن در کیفیت تصمیمات و رفتارهای کارآفرینان توجه روزافزونی را به خود اختصاص داده است. در همین راستا، این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر قابلیت‌های شناختی در شکل‌گیری قصد کارآفرینانه با تأکید بر نقش تعدیلگر اختلال کم‌توجهی/ بیش‌فعالی در میان دانشجویان پرداخته است.
روش‌شناسی: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی، بر مبنای روش گردآوری داده‌ها توصیفی- پیمایشی و از نظر ماهیت داده‌ها کمی بود. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش حاضر کلیه دانشجویان در حال تحصیل در دانشکده مهندسی دانشگاه کردستان در سه مقطع تحصیلی کارشناسی، کارشناسی‌ارشد و دکترا را در بر می‌گیرد. از آنجاکه تعداد این دانشجویان در سال 1403 شامل 3500 دانشجو بوده است، حجم نمونۀ آماری براساس جدول مورگان، 346 نفر تعیین شد. نمونه‌گیری به شکل در دسترس انجام گرفت. برای گردآوری داده‌های موردنیاز پژوهش از پرسش‌نامه استاندارد استفاده شد. برای تعیین پایایی پرسش‌نامه از  ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. بر همین اساس، اندازه این شاخص برای پرسش‌نامه پژوهش حاضر مقدار 84/0 بوده است. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها براساس روش مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری بوده است و کلیه محاسبات آماری در این پژوهش با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Smart PLS نسخه 3 و SPSS نسخه 26 انجام‌گرفته است.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان‌دهنده این بود که قابلیت‌های شناختی (خودباوری، هوشیاری و ریسک‌پذیری ­) بر قصد کارآفرینانه دانشجویان تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد. در ارتباط با مؤلفه سلامت روان نتایج تحلیل داده‌ها حاکی از آن بوده است که اختلال کم‌توجهی/بیش‌فعالی می‌تواند ارتباط قابلیت‌های شناختی و قصد کارآفرینانه را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. براین اساس، این اختلال می‌تواند موجب تقویت ارتباط قابلیت‌های شناختی سه‌گانه خودباوری، هوشیاری و ریسک‌پذیری و قصد کارآفرینانه شود. یافته متفاوت پژوهش حاضر در مقایسه با پژوهش‌های پیشین تأثیر تقویت‌کننده اختلال کم‌توجهی- بیش‌فعالی بر ارتباط خوباوری و قصد کارآفرینانه بوده است. به‌این‌ترتیب در شرایط مشابه، دانشجویانِ دارای این اختلال در مقایسه با همتایان فاقد این اختلال، بهتر از خودباوری خود در جهت قصد کارآفرینانه بهره خواهند گرفت.
نتیجه‌گیری و دستاوردها: نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‌تواند زمینه طراحی و بازنگری در آموزش‌های کارآفرینی را برای افراد مبتلا به اختلال کم‌توجهی-بیش‌فعالی به‌ویژه از دوران کودکی و نوجوانی فراهم آورد. به‌طوری‌که آموزش متناسب می‌تواند زمینه کاهش تبعیض علیه افراد مبتلا به علائم اختلال کم‌توجهی/بیش‌فعالی را ممکن سازد. برخی خصیصه‌های افراد مبتلا به این اختلال همچون اشتیاق، خلاقیت و ریسک‌پذیری با اتکا به آموزش درست می‌تواند در مسیر کارآفرینی و راه‌اندازی کسب‌وکار به‌کار گرفته شود. همچنین، این افراد به‌واسطه آموزش متناسب می‌توانند از خلاقیت و نبوغ خود در جهت کارآفرینی سازمانی بهره گیرند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The impact of Students’ Cognitive Capabilities on the Forming Entrepreneurial Intention: The Moderating Role of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

نویسندگان English

Nasim Cheraghi Taghvesani
Zeynab Aeeni
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of .Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: In recent years, the role of mental health in shaping the quality of entrepreneurial decisions and behaviors has garnered increasing scholarly attention. This study investigates the impact of cognitive abilities on entrepreneurial intention, with a specific focus on the moderating role of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among university students.
Methodology: This research is applied in purpose, employs a survey-descriptive method for data collection, and is quantitative in nature. The statistical population comprises all students enrolled in bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral programs at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, in 2024 (N = 3500). A sample of 346 students was determined using the Morgan table. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire developed by international entrepreneurship scholars. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.84. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) via SMART PLS (Version 3) and SPSS (Version 26).
Findings: The results indicate that specific cognitive capabilities—namely, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial alertness, and risk-taking—have a significant positive effect on students' entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that ADHD moderates the relationship between these entrepreneurial capabilities and entrepreneurial intention. Notably, ADHD was found to strengthen the influence of all three cognitive capabilities on entrepreneurial intention. A key finding that distinguishes this study from prior research is the reinforcing effect of ADHD on the relationship between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. This suggests that, under similar conditions, students with ADHD may leverage their self-efficacy more effectively to form entrepreneurial intentions compared to their peers without the disorder.
Conclusions/Implications: The findings of this study provide a foundation for designing and revising entrepreneurship education programs, particularly for individuals with ADHD from childhood and adolescence. Targeted educational interventions can help mitigate potential discrimination against individuals exhibiting symptoms of this disorder. By harnessing specific ADHD-related traits—such as passion, creativity, and risk-taking—through appropriate education, their potential can be channeled toward entrepreneurship and business development. Furthermore, such individuals, equipped with suitable training, can contribute their creativity and ingenuity to organizational settings, thereby fostering corporate entrepreneurship.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Intention
self-efficacy
Alertness
Risk-taking
ADHD
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