مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

آسیب‌شناسی و اولویت‌بندی عوامل بازدارنده توسعه کسب‌و‌کارهای روستایی (موردمطالعه: منظومه روستایی شهرستان گچساران)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 مرکز مطالعات توسعه روستایی، پژوهشکده سوانح طبیعی، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه معماری، دانشکده شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران مرکز، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
مقدمه: کسب‌وکارهای روستایی به‌دلیل ماهیت اشتغال‌زایی و توسعه خلاقیت‌ها می‌توانند نقش به‌سزایی در ایجاد حس امید و تعلق مکانی در بین روستاییان داشته باشد، درواقع، توسعۀ کسب‌وکارهای روستایی یکی از عوامل مهم در توسعه پایدار کشورها و افزایش کیفیت زندگی جامعۀ روستایی محسوب می‌شوند. این کسب‌وکارها می‌توانند به ایجاد اشتغال، افزایش تولیدات محلی، حفظ فرهنگ و میراث محلی و بهبود زیرساخت‌های روستایی کمک کنند. با این وجود، کسب‌وکارهای روستایی علی‌رغم این‌که از بخش­های حیاتی و ضروری فعالیت­های اقتصادی در مناطق روستایی محسوب می‌شوند، اما تاکنون موردتوجه چندانی قرار نگرفته‌اند و توسعه آن‌ها با موانع و محدودیت‌های مواجه است. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف اصلی آسیب‌شناسی و اولویت‌بندی عوامل بازدارنده توسعه کسب‌و‌کارهای روستایی در منظومه روستایی گچساران طراحی و انجام شد.
روش‌شناسی: پژوهش حاضر مبتنی بر پارادایم کمی بوده و از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از نظر نحوه گردآوری و تحلیل داده‌ها از نوع توصیفی- پیمایشی است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش، شامل روستاییان دارای کسب‌وکار در شهرستان گچساران بودند. براساس فرمول کوکران تعداد 217 نفر از آن‌ها به‌عنوان حجم نمونه تعیین و به شیوه نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسش‌نامه‌ای محقق‌ساخته بود که روایی آن توسط گروهی از متخصصان و پایایی آن با محاسبۀ ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. به‌منظور تجزیه و تحیل داده‌ها در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS نسخه 26 و LISREL نسخه 8/8 استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که به‌ترتیب اولویت عوامل فردی- شخصیتی، روان‌شناختی، موانع محیطی، آموزشی- فرهنگی و موانع اقتصادی به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین موانع توسعه کسب‌وکار از دیدگاه روستاییان موردمطالعه شناسایی شدند. درواقع، می‌توان گفت که اصول حاکم بر جامعۀ روستایی و به‌خصوص خانواده از جمله عدم توانایی صحبت کردن در جمع، ضعف قدرت چانه‌زنی در حرفه و کار و قبول نکردن مسئولیت بر توسعه و اشتغال در کسب‌وکارهای خانگی مؤثر است و از عوامل و دلایل کاهش فعالیت‌های اقتصادی روستاییان (زنان و مردان) به‌شمار می‌رود.
نتیجه‌گیری/ دستاوردها: با توجه به شناسایی عوامل بازدارنده کسب‌وکارهای روستایی، می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که کسب‌وکارهای روستایی به‌دلیل موانع مختلفی نظیر عوامل فردی- شخصیتی، روان‌شناختی، موانع محیطی، آموزشی- فرهنگی و موانع اقتصادی قادر به موفقیت و رشد شایسته نیستند؛ بنابراین، برای توسعۀ کسب‌وکارهای روستایی، باید این موانع را شناسایی کرده و راهکارهای مناسبی را برای غلبه بر آن‌ها ارائه داد. برمبنای نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، تدوین برنامه‌های آموزشی در جامعه روستایی موردمطالعه باهدف ایجاد تحول در باورهای فرهنگی خانواده‌ها و جامعه روستایی نسبت به توانمندی روستاییان، ارائه تسهیلاتی در راستای ایجاد و توسعه کسب‌وکار های کوچک برای روستاییان و شناسایی و معرفی افراد موفق کارآفرین به‌عنوان الگوی موفق را به‌عنوان راهکاری ایجاد کسب‌وکارهای روستایی در سطح منطقه در نظر گرفت.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Pathology and Prioritization of Factors Hindering the Development of Rural Businesses (A Case Study of Rural Area in Gachsaran County)

نویسندگان English

Hossein Zinati Fakhrabad 1
Seyed Amir Hossein Garkani 2
Sajad Amiri 1
Nabiallah Soltani Ghiathund 1
1 Center for Rural Development Studies, Natural Disaster Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
2 Center for Rural Development Studies, Natural Disaster Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: Due to their inherent role in job creation and the development of creativity, rural businesses can play a significant role in creating a sense of hope and belonging among the villagers. Indeed, the development of rural businesses is an important factor in the sustainable development of countries and the enhancement of life quality within rural communities. These businesses can help create employment, increase local production, preserve local culture and heritage, and improve rural infrastructure. Nevertheless, even though rural businesses are vital components of economic activities in rural areas, they have not received much attention and their development is facing obstacles and limitations. In this regard, the present research was designed and carried out to identify and prioritize the factors hindering the development of rural businesses in the Gachsaran rural system.
Methodology: The research is a quantitative study in terms of the paradigm, an applied study in terms of the goal, and a descriptive survey in terms of data collection and analysis. The statistical population included the villagers with businesses in Gachsaran County. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined as 217, and the participants were selected by stratified random sampling with proportional assignment. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a group of experts and whose reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS version 26 and LISREL version 8.8 software were used to analyze the data both descriptively and inferentially.
Findings: According to the results, the individual-personality factors, psychological factors, environmental, educational, and cultural barriers, and economic barriers were identified as the most important barriers to business development from the point of view of the participant villagers. In fact, it can be said that the rules governing the rural society, especially the family, such as the inability to speak in public, weak bargaining power in the profession and work, and not accepting responsibility are effective in the development and employment of home businesses and are among the factors and reasons for the reduced economic activities of villagers (men and women).
Conclusion/ Implications: Based on the factors identified for preventing rural businesses, it can be concluded that the development of rural businesses has failed to prosper properly due to various obstacles such as individual-personality, psychological, environmental, educational-cultural, and economic obstacles. Therefore, for the development of rural businesses, these obstacles should be identified and appropriate solutions should be provided to overcome them. Based on the results, the approaches to creating rural businesses at the regional level may include developing educational programs in the studied rural community to transform the cultural beliefs of families and the rural community regarding the capabilities of the villagers, providing facilities in line with the creation and development of small businesses for the villagers, and identifying and introducing successful entrepreneurs as successful models. 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Rural Business
Rural Development
Rural Entrepreneurship
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  • تاریخ دریافت 06 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 19 دی 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 19 دی 1402