مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

پتانسیل‏‌های‏ اشتغال‌زا در کارآفرینی گردشگری: مطالعه‌ای در نواحی روستایی شهرستان سرعین

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه مهندسی آب و مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
2 گروه آموزشی علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
چکیده
مقدمه: اشتغال‌زایی یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های محیط‌های روستایی در عصر حاضر به‌شمار می‌رود. در این راستا، دسترسی روستاییان به منابع درآمدی و معیشتی در حوزۀ گردشگری، به‌عنوان یک اصل اساسی در اشتغال‌زایی روستایی محسوب می‌شود. بر این اساس، ایجاد و توسعۀ گردشگری روستایی از طریق پتانسیل‌سنجی و برنامه‌ریزی هدفمند، به‌عنوان عاملی کلیدی در اشتغال‌زایی مناطق روستایی ایفای نقش می‌کند. گردشگری روستایی که به‌عنوان رهیافتی جایگزین برای توسعۀ پایدار روستایی شناخته می‌شود، قابلیت قابل‌توجهی در ایجاد اشتغال پایدار دارد. این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی و تبیین پتانسیل‌های اشتغال‌زای گردشگری در ابعاد اجتماعی- فرهنگی، اقتصادی و کالبدی در نواحی روستایی شهرستان سرعین (شامل روستاهای کنزق، ویند کلخوران و آتشگاه) انجام شده و به رتبه‌بندی و مقایسۀ این پتانسیل‌ها پرداخته است.
روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش با به‌کارگیری روش آمیخته (کیفی- کمی) در دو جامعۀ آماری مجزا انجام شده است. گروه اول در قالب روش دلفی، شامل کارشناسان خبره در زمینه اشتغال‌زایی روستایی و گردشگری بودند که پس از رسیدن به اشباع داده و استفاده از روش نمونه‎گیری گلوله‌برفی، تعداد آنان 28 نفر تعیین شد. گروه دوم پاسخ‌گویان نیز در قالب تکنیک شاخص ترکیبی، شامل ساکنان محلی (تعداد 2914 نفر) در مناطق روستایی هدف در شهرستان سرعین بودند. تعداد نمونه پژوهش با کمک فرمول کوکران و توسط روش نمونه‌گیری چندمرحله‌ای، 112 پاسخ‌گو (آتشگاه: 45 نفر، کنزق: 52 نفر و ویند کلخوران: 15 نفر) تعیین شدند.
یافته‌ها: مطابق نتایج برای پتانسیل‌های اجتماعی- فرهنگی، اقتصادی و کالبدی، 17 شاخص نهایی شناسایی شد. وجود محصولات غذایی و غذاهای محلی متنوع، امکان حمل‌ونقل و دسترسی فیزیکی آسان و ارزان به منطقه و وجود بافت روستایی سنتی و معماری خاص و متفاوت، به‌ترتیب مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های اشتغال‌زا در ابعاد اجتماعی- فرهنگی، اقتصادی و کالبدی گردشگری بودند. در مجموع، مقادیر نهایی شاخص‌های ترکیبی در هر سه بعد پتانسیل اشتغال، روستای کنزق در رتبه اول، روستای آتشگاه در رتبه دوم و روستای ویند کلخوران در رتبه سوم قرار گرفت.
نتیجه‌گیری/ دستاوردها: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که ایجاد شرایط رفاهی گردشگری از جمله امکان دسترسی فیزیکی به مناطق روستایی با ایجاد و یا حمایت بیشتر از شرکت‌های حمل‌ونقل و اسکان گردشگران می‌تواند شرایط لازم را برای رونق گردشگری و اشتغال را فراهم سازد. همچنین، تمرکز بر گردشگری غذایی در مناطق روستایی، پتانسیل اشتغال‌زایی مطلوب‌تری را نسبت به دیگر انواع گردشگری فراهم می‌کند. در این راستا، برپایی کارگاه‏ها جهت نمایش فرایند آماده‌سازی غذا و شیوه تهیه محصولات غذایی سنتی و حمایت از کارآفرینان گردشگری در قالب تعاونی‏ها و شرکت‏های تولیدی پیشنهاد می‏شود. با توجه به قابلیت‎های مطلوب‌تر روستای کنزق در مقایسه با دو روستای دیگر، پیشنهاد می‏شود پروژه‏های گردشگری با محور استفاده از پتانسیل اجتماعی و فرهنگی و اقتصادی در اولویت حمایت‏های دولتی و محلی قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Employment-Generating Potentials in Tourism Entrepreneurship: A Study in Rural Areas of Sarein County

نویسندگان English

Sima Shahi Gara Ghasemlu 1
Mojtaba Sookhtanlou 1
Farshad Keivan Behjou 2
1 Department of Water Engineering and Agricultural Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Department of Forest Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: Employment generation remains one of the most critical challenges facing rural areas in the contemporary era. In this context, providing rural communities with access to income and livelihood resources through tourism is a fundamental strategy for fostering rural employment. Consequently, the establishment and development of rural tourism—guided by potential assessment and targeted planning—plays a pivotal role in generating employment opportunities in these regions. Recognized as an alternative pathway to sustainable rural development, rural tourism holds significant potential for creating stable and sustainable jobs. This study aims to identify and analyze the potential for tourism-related employment across socio-cultural, economic, and physical-environmental dimensions within the rural areas of Sarein County. The focus is on the villages of Kanzaq, Viyand Kalakhoran, and Atashgah. Furthermore, the study will rank and compare these identified potentials to provide a clear framework for strategic development.
Methodology: The study employed a mixed-methods approach with two distinct statistical populations. The first group consisted of 28 experts in rural employment and tourism, selected via the Delphi method and snowball sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. The second group comprised local residents (N=2,914) from the target villages, with a sample size of 112 respondents (Atashgah: 45, Kanzaq: 52, Vind Kalkhoran: 15) determined using Cochran’s formula and a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through a composite index framework.
Findings: The analysis identified 17 key indicators across socio-cultural, economic, and physical dimensions of tourism-based employment potential. The most significant indicators included: (1) availability of diverse local food products (socio-cultural), (2) accessibility via affordable and efficient transportation (economic), and (3) presence of traditional rural architecture and unique physical structures (physical). Composite index rankings revealed Kanzaq village as the highest-performing location in employment potential, followed by Atashgah and Vind Kalkhoran, respectively.
Conclusion/ Implications: The findings underscore that improving tourism infrastructure- such as enhancing transportation networks and expanding lodging options- can significantly boost employment opportunities in rural areas. Additionally, prioritizing food tourism proves particularly effective in leveraging local socio-economic potential. Practical recommendations include establishing workshops to showcase traditional food preparation techniques and supporting tourism entrepreneurs through cooperatives and production companies. Given Kanzaq village’s superior performance, policymakers should prioritize this area for targeted tourism development initiatives, emphasizing its socio-cultural and economic assets.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Employment Potentials
Tourism
Rural Areas
Sarein County
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  • تاریخ دریافت 16 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 10 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 13 بهمن 1403