Journal of Entrepreneurship Research

Journal of Entrepreneurship Research

A Resilience Model for Social Entrepreneurship-Based Businesses: A Mixed-Methods Research

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
Fatemeh Ghazeli 1
Mehrdad Hosseini Shakib 2
Abbas Khamseh 2
1 Department of management, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of industrial management, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
10.22034/jer.2024.2032478.1137
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to provide a model for the resilience of social entrepreneurship-based businesses to offer a practical framework for enhancing the capacities of these companies in facing challenges and leveraging opportunities.
Methodology: This research was an applied study in terms of purpose, adopting a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) approach. In the qualitative phase, first, scientific literature and documents were systematically analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify the initial factors affecting the resilience of social entrepreneurship-based businesses. Then, they were refined and finalized using the Delphi method with the participation of 11 experts selected through purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, to validate the qualitative model, data were collected through questionnaires from a sample of 210 managers and experts active in social entrepreneurship, selected by convenience sampling. Quantitative data analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis and Amos version 24 software to test and confirm the model's factor structure and relationships between variables.
Findings: The results of data analysis led to the identification of 65 indicators within 8 main dimensions of resilience for social entrepreneurship-based businesses. These dimensions included human capital and organizational empowerment, strategic agility and adaptability, community resilience and social responsibility, market competition and customer interaction, environmental sustainability and adaptability, engagement with political and governance structures, innovation for social impact and technological advancement, entrepreneurship development, and social investments.
Conclusion/ Implications: The results emphasize the importance of creating flexible organizational structures and strategic management frameworks to enhance resilience in social entrepreneurship businesses. They show that the resilience of these companies requires a multidimensional approach in which internal factors such as human resource empowerment and strategic agility are interwoven with external factors such as stakeholder engagement, social responsibility, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, this research underscores the key role of innovation and technology in creating sustainable solutions for social and environmental challenges. The achievements of this study can serve as a guide for managers and policymakers in designing and implementing programs to strengthen the resilience of social entrepreneurship businesses. Additionally, the presented model provides a theoretical framework for future research in organizational resilience and social entrepreneurship. Finally, this research emphasizes the necessity of collaboration and synergy among various sectors of society including businesses, government, NGOs, and universities to achieve sustainable development goals and create a supportive ecosystem for social entrepreneurship.
Keywords
Business Resilience
Social Business
Sustainable Development
Social Entrepreneurship

Subjects

Adro, F. D., & Fernandes, C. (2022). Social entrepreneurship and social innovation: Looking inside the box and moving out of it. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 35(4), 704-730. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2020.1870441.
Akbari, P., Deghanizade, M., & Didekonan, S. S. (2023). The effect of organization paradox on stability mechanisms with the mediating role of ambidexterity of learning. Journal of value creating in Business Management, 3(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.22034/jvcbm.2023.385789.1054. [In Persian]
Akinboade, O. O. A., Taft, T., Weber, J. F., Manoko, O. B., & Molobi, V. S. (2023). How the social entrepreneurship business model designs in South Africa create value: a complex adaptive systems approach. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 15(1), 70-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-02-2021-0057.
Al-Qudah, A. A., Al-Okaily, M., & Alqudah, H. (2022). The relationship between social entrepreneurship and sustainable development from economic growth perspective: 15 ‘RCEP’countries. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 12(1), 44-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1880219.
Alberti, F. G., Ferrario, S., & Pizzurno, E. (2018). Resilience: Resources and strategies of SMEs in a new theoretical framework. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 15(2), 165–188. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLIC.2018.091969.
Al-Omoush, K., Ribeiro-Navarrete, B., & McDowell, W. C. (2023). The impact of digital corporate social responsibility on social entrepreneurship and organizational resilience. Management Decision. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2022-1613.
Bansal, S., Garg, I., & Sharma, G. D. (2019). Social entrepreneurship as a path for social change and driver of sustainable development: A systematic review and research agenda. Sustainability, 11(4), 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041091.
Bashokouh Ajirloo, M., & Jabarikordlar, N. (2024). The role of organizational and personal resilience in women’s digital business and entrepreneurship culture. Journal of Woman Cultural Psychology, 15(58), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.22034/jwcp.2023.709141.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
Buruj Ali, A. (2022). The mediating role of market orientation in the relationship between social skills and organizational entrepreneurship in Nab Steel Company. Journal of value reating in Business Management, 2(2), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.22034/jbme.2022.360426.1036. [In Persian]
Canestrino, R., Ćwiklicki, M., Magliocca, P., & Pawełek, B. (2020). Understanding social entrepreneurship: A cultural perspective in business research. Journal of Business Research, 110, 132-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.006.
Ceesay, L. B., Rossignoli, C., & Mahto, R. V. (2022). Collaborative capabilities of cause-based social entrepreneurship alliance of firms. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 29(4), 507-527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-08-2021-0311.
Coles, T., Ritchie, B. W., & Wang, J. (2021). Building business resilience to external shocks: Conceptualising the role of social networks to small tourism & hospitality businesses. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 210-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.06.012.
Daskalopoulou, I., Karakitsiou, A., & Thomakis, Z. (2023). Social Entrepreneurship and Social Capital: A Review of Impact Research. Sustainability, 15(6), 4787. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064787
Datola, G., Bottero, M., De Angelis, E., & Romagnoli, F. (2022). Operationalising resilience: A methodological framework for assessing urban resilience through System Dynamics Model. Ecological Modelling, 465, 109851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109851.
Faizi, K., & Irandoost, M. (2013). Delphi; A Method for Decision-Making Research and Foresight. Tehran: Publications of Industrial Management Organization. [In Persian]
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th Ed.). Pearson Education.
Hidalgo, G., Monticelli, J. M., & Vargas Bortolaso, I. (2024). Social capital as a driver of social entrepreneurship. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 182-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2021.1951819.
Kamaludin, M. F., Xavier, J. A., & Amin, M. (2024). Social entrepreneurship and sustainability: A conceptual framework. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 26-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2021.1900339.
Kishnani, N. (2022). Agility and Resilience in Social Enterprises-A Case Study Approach. Samvad, 23, 65-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53739/samvad/2021/v23/166568.
Lopes, J. M., Gomes, S., & Mané, L. (2022). Developing knowledge of supply chain resilience in less-developed countries in the pandemic age. Logistics, 6(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6010003.
Lupu, D., Maha, L. G., & Viorica, E. D. (2023). The relevance of smart cities’ features in exploring urban labour market resilience: the specificity of post-transition economies. Regional Studies, 57(12), 2406-2425. http://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2023.2217218.
Méndez-Picazo, M. T., Galindo-Martín, M. A., & Castaño-Martínez, M. S. (2021). Effects of sociocultural and economic factors on social entrepreneurship and sustainable development. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 6(2), 69-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2020.06.001.
Milestad, R., Von Münchhausen, S., Kvam, G. T., & Schermer, M. (2023). Managing growth in medium‐sized organic businesses: Implications for local orientation and resilience building. Sociologia Ruralis, 63(1), 45-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soru.12393.
Miller-Karas, E. (2023). Building Resilience to Trauma: The Trauma and Community Resiliency Models. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003140887.
Nakpodia, F., Ashiru, F., You, J. J., & Oni, O. (2024). Digital technologies, social entrepreneurship and resilience during crisis in developing countries: evidence from Nigeria. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 30(2/3), 342-368. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2023-0012.
Nikinmaa, L., Lindner, M., Cantarello, E., Jump, A. S., Seidl, R., Winkel, G., & Muys, B. (2020). Reviewing the use of resilience concepts in forest sciences. Current Forestry Reports, 6, 61-80. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40725-020-00110-x.
Pourkarimi, Z., Hosseini Shakib, M., & Khamseh, A. (2021). The Pattern of Human Resources Resilience in the Banking Industry in the COVID-19 Pandemic Situation with a Mixed Exploratory Approach. Journal of Sustainable Human Resource Management, 3(5), 110-87. doi:10.22080/shrm.2021.3749. [In Persian]
Ramadani, V., Agarwal, S., Caputo, A., Agrawal, V., & Dixit, J. K. (2022). Sustainable competencies of social entrepreneurship for sustainable development: Exploratory analysis from a developing economy. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.3093.
Rahmanti, V. N., & Subandi, H. (2024). Redefining Social Entrepreneurship as a Strategy to Strengthen the Social Welfare of SDGs. Migration Letters, 21(S2), 110-132. https://migrationletters.com/index.php/ml/article/view/6447.
Saad, M. H., Hagelaar, G., van der Velde, G., & Omta, S. W. F. (2021). Conceptualization of SMEs’ business resilience: A systematic literature review. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1938347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1938347.
Shariatnejad, A., Mousavi, S. N., Arefnajade, M., & Manshdavi, E. (2023). Investigating the impact of social capital on entrepreneurial resilience with the mediating role of entrepreneurial passion in knowledge-based companies in Lorestan province. Social Capital Management, https://doi.org 10.22059/jscm.2023.357435.2403. [In Persian]
Sharma, S., & Rautela, S. (2022). Entrepreneurial resilience and self-efficacy during global crisis: study of small businesses in a developing economy. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 14(6), 1369-1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-03-2021-0123.
Suriyankietkaew, S., Krittayaruangroj, K., & Iamsawan, N. (2022). Sustainable Leadership practices and competencies of SMEs for sustainability and resilience: A community-based social enterprise study. Sustainability, 14(10), 5762. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105762.
Tingey-Holyoak, J. L., Wheeler, S. A., & Seidl, C. (2023). Decision-making and resilience in agriculture: improving awareness of the role of accounting. Meditari Accountancy Research, 31(8). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-05-2022-1679.
Torres, A. P., Marshall, M. I., & Sydnor, S. (2019). Does social capital pay off? The case of small business resilience after Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 27(2), 168-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12248.
Walker, B. (2020). Resilience: what it is and is not. Ecology and Society, 25(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-11647-250211.
Wei, S., Boudreaux, C. J., Su, Z., & Wu, Z. (2024). Natural disasters, personal attributes, and social entrepreneurship: an attention-based view. Small Business Economics, 62(4), 1409-1427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-023-00822-x.
Yousefi, M., & Keikha, A. (2023). The social as the heart of social innovation and social entrepreneurship: An emerging area or an old crossroads?. Science and Technology Policy Letters, 13(3), 84-100. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.24767220.1402.13.3.5.1. [In Persian]
Zamany, A., Khamseh, A., & Iranbanfard, S. (2024). Analyzing the dimensions and components of technology transfer in the context of Industry 5.0: A technological entrepreneurship approach. Journal of Entrepreneurship Research, 3(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.22034/jer.2024.2025559.1091. [In Persian]
Zinati Fakhrabad, H., Garkani, S. A. H., Amiri, S., & Soltani Ghiathund, N. (2024). Pathology and prioritization of factors hindering the development of rural businesses (A Case Study of Rural Area in Gachsaran County). Journal of Entrepreneurship Research, 3(2), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.22034/jer.2024.2005758.1045. [In Persian]

  • Receive Date 08 July 2024
  • Revise Date 10 December 2024
  • Accept Date 11 December 2024