مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

شناسایی ابعاد کارآفرینی فناورانه با نگرش استراتژیک: مطالعه‌ای در کشور عراق

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان
علی زهیر هادی التمیمی
مهدی حسین‌پور
محمدجواد جمشیدی
گروه مدیریت و کارآفرینی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
10.22034/jer.2024.714752
چکیده
مقدمه: تغییرات زیاد در محیط‌های کسب‌وکار به‌عنوان یکی از نشانه‌های دنیای امروزی، سازمان‌ها را مجبور به تلاش بیشتر برای حفظ بقا نموده است؛ به‌گونه‌ای که توجه به موضوعاتی مانند انعطاف‌پذیری و کارآفرینی سازمانی و داشتن نگرش استراتژیک از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. دراین زمینه دو مقوله کارآفرینی و نگرش استراتژیک دارای اهداف مشترک بوده و هر دو مقوله به استفاده از فرصت‌ها برای مقابله با تغییرات تأکید دارند و کارآفرینی فناورانه در مرکزیت هر دو نگرش قرار دارد. بااین‌حال، تدوین الگوی کارآفرینی فناورانه با رویکرد استراتژیک برای سازمان‌های دولتی می‌تواند موضوعی جدید باشد؛ ازاین‌رو، هدف این پژوهش شناسایی ابعاد کارآفرینی فناورانه با نگرش استراتژیک و تدوین الگو بود.
روش‌شناسی: دراین پژوهش از روش کیفی و نظریه بنیانی استفاده شد. جامعۀ موردمطالعه پژوهش شامل خبرگان (کارشناسان و مدیران اجرایی) سازمان‌های دولتی عراق بود. براساس روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، پس از مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با 31 نفر، اشباع نظری حاصل شد. دراین پژوهش جهت دست‌یابی به روایی، از مشاوران و کارشناسان صاحب‌نظر درزمینۀ کارآفرینی و کارآفرینی فناورانه استفاده گردید و برای تعیین پایایی، از راهبرد تأیید همکاران پژوهشی استفاده شد. روش تجزیه‌وتحلیل مورداستفاده در پژوهش حاضر، روش استراوس و کوربین بود.
یافته‌ها: براساس نتایج مصاحبه‌ها، 32 مضمون به ‌دست ‌آمده است که عبارت‌اند از: شرایط علّی (فرصت‌گرایی و تهدید‌گریزی، توانمندسازی منابع انسانی، گرایش کارآفرینانه سازمانی، تغییر الگوی رفتاری سازمان با رویکرد کارآفرینانه)؛ عوامل زمینه­ای (سطح مهارت و کیفیت نیروی انسانی، سواد دیجیتال منابع انسانی، مدیریت نوآوری فناوانه، کیفیت منابع فنی سازمان، سطح مدیریت دانش، دیدگاه سیستمی، فرهنگ ریسک‌پذیری و خلاقیت، سطح پذیرش ابهام، روحیه کار تیمی)؛ شرایط مداخله‌گر (ارتباط دانشگاه و صنعت، پویایی محیط، کمیت و کیفیت فناوری، سطح توسعه‌یافتگی، حمایت از مالکیت معنوی و سرمایه فکری، انعطاف‌پذیری فرآیندهای تعریف‌شده دولتی، سطح تسهیل‌گری قوانین و مقررات، تحریم فناوری‌ها)؛ پدیدۀ محوری (توسعۀ کارآفرینی فناورانه با دیدگاه استراتژیک)؛ راهبردها (تقویت تحقیق و توسعه‌سازمانی، توسعه شبکه‌های علمی و فناورانه درون و برون‌سازمانی، اعمال سیاست‌های تشویق ریسک‌پذیری و خلاقیت، جذب، حفظ و ارتقا نیروی انسانی فناور، هوشیاری سازمانی، آینده‌پژوهشی)؛ پیامدها (ارائه خدمات مبتنی بر نوآوری‌های فناورانه، نوآوری فرایندی، بهبود عملکرد کلی سازمان، بین‌المللی‌سازی، توسعه کشور در مسیر فناوری).   
نتیجه‌گیری/ دستاوردها: با توجه به نتایج به ‌دست‌ آمده می‌توان گفت کارآفرینی فناورانه مستلزم توجه به عوامل درون و برون‌سازمانی است. این عوامل منجر به بروز پیامدها یعنی ارائه خدمات مبتنی بر نوآوری‌های فناورانه، نوآوری فرایندی، بهبود عملکرد کلی سازمان، بین‌المللی‌سازی و توسعه کشور در مسیر فناوری‌ می‌شود.   
کلیدواژه‌ها
کارآفرینی فناورانه
نگرش راهبردی
ارگان‌های دولتی
کشور عراق

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Identifying Dimensions of Technological Entrepreneurship with a Strategic Approach: A Case Study from Iraq

نویسندگان English

Ali Zuhair Hadi Eltamimi
Mahdi Hosseinpour
Mohamad Javad Jamshidi
Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Social Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: The abundance of changes in business environments, a characteristic of today's world, has forced organizations to put more effort into survival. In this regard, it is important to consider issues like flexibility and organizational entrepreneurship and have a strategic attitude. In this context, entrepreneurship and strategic attitudes are two categories with common goals. Both categories emphasize grasping opportunities to deal with changes, and technological entrepreneurship is at the center of both. However, the development of a technological entrepreneurship model with a strategic approach for public agencies can be a new issue. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of technological entrepreneurship with a strategic attitude and formulate a model.
Methodology: The research adopted the qualitative method of Grounded Theory. The research population included experts (experts and executives) of Iraqi government agencies. Theoretical saturation was achieved after a semi-structured interview with 31 people sampled by the purposive technique. Entrepreneurship and technological entrepreneurship consultants and experts were used to ensure the research validity. Furthermore, the peer-review technique was employed to ensure the reliability. Data were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin’s method.
Findings: Based on the results of the interviews, 32 themes were obtained: causal factors (opportunism and threat avoidance, human resource empowerment, organizational entrepreneurial orientation, changing the organization's behavioral pattern with an entrepreneurial approach), contextual factors (human resource skill and quality level, human resource digital literacy, technological innovation management, quality of technical resources of the organization, knowledge management level, systemic perspective, culture of risk-taking and creativity, level of acceptance of ambiguity, teamwork morale), intervening conditions (university and industry connection, environment dynamism, technology quantity and quality, development level, protection of intellectual property and intellectual capital, flexibility of defined government processes, level of facilitation of laws and regulations, technology embargo), the core phenomenon (development of technological entrepreneurship with a strategic perspective), strategies (strengthening organizational research and development, developing intra- and extra-organizational scientific and technological networks, applying policies to encourage risk-taking and creativity, attracting, maintaining, and promoting technological manpower, organizational vigilance, future studies), and the consequences (providing services based on technological innovations, process innovation, improving the overall performance of the organization, internationalization, developing the country in the direction of technology).
Conclusion/ Implications: Based on the results, technological entrepreneurship requires attention to internal and external factors. These factors lead to the emergence of consequences, namely providing services based on technological innovations, process innovation, improving the overall performance of the organization, internationalization, and the development of the country in the path of technology. 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Technological Entrepreneurship
Strategic Approach
Government Agencies
Iraq Country
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  • تاریخ دریافت 07 فروردین 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 10 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 11 مرداد 1403