مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی

یادگیری کارآفرینانه در بحران: مرور ادبیات با رویکرد کتاب‌سنجی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان
سید احمد علوی 1
آیت‌اله ممیز 1
افسانه باقری 2
1 گروه کارآفرینی فناورانه، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه توسعه کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/jer.2024.714446
چکیده
مقدمه: یک جریان پژوهشی درحوزۀ یادگیری کارآفرینانه مدعی است، یادگیری تحول‌آفرین اغلب درشرایط بحران ایجاد می‌شود. شرایط بحران منجر به محرک‌هایی می‌شود که کارآفرین می‌تواند دراین شرایط یک یادگیری با اثرات گسترده در عملکرد و پیش‌فرض‌های ذهنی خود داشته باشد که ازاین یادگیری با عنوان یادگیری تحول‌آفرین یاد می‌شود. ازطرفی بحران گسترده کووید 19 موجب شد که یک‌بار دیگر توجه پژوهشگران به پدیده بحران جلب شود. تعداد مقالات منتشر شده درطول دوران پس از بحران کووید ۱۹، بیش از تمام مقالاتی است که تا قبل از آن دراین حوزه منتشر شده است. پس یادگیری کارآفرینانه در بحران یک موضوع موردتوجه در سال‌های اخیر بوده است. دراین‌راستا، با کمک تحلیل کتاب‌سنجی، دامنه پژوهش‌ها درخصوص یادگیری کارآفرینانه در شرایط بحران بررسی شده است. ریشه‌ها و شاخه‌های پژوهش‌های جاری بررسی گشته و زمینه‌هایی برای مطالعات آتی برای پژوهشگران و علاقه‌مندان به این حوزه معرفی شده است.  
روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش با روش کتاب‌سنجی و تکنیک‌های تحلیل هم‌تألیفی، هم‌استنادی و هم‌رخدادی کلمات کلیدی انجام شده است. دراین پژوهش از نرم‌افزارهای Publish or Perish که امکان جستجو و بررسی داده‌های حاصل از پایگاه‌های استنادی را فراهم می‌کند و نرم‌افزار VOSviewer که در تهیه و ایجاد نقشه‌های تصویری شامل شبکه‌های هم‌تألیفی، هم‌استنادی و هم‌رخدادی واژگان کلیدی کاربرد دارد، استفاده شده است.  
یافته‌ها: براساس خوشه‌های شناسایی شده در شبکه هم‌استنادی می‌توان ریشه‌های ادبیات یادگیری کارآفرینانه در بحران را در پنج حوزه پژوهشی دسته‌بندی کرد. یادگیری تحول‌آفرین، بحران و کسب‌وکارهای کوچک‌ و متوسط، قابلیت‌های پویا، روش‌های ریاضی برای تحلیل رفتار کارآفرینان و درنهایت، توسعه مهارت‌های فردی به‌منظور انعطاف‌پذیری و تاب‌آوری، حوزه‌های پژوهشی کلیدی هستند که ادبیات در آن‌ها ریشه گسترانیده است. براساس تحلیل هم‌رخدادی واژگان کلیدی نیز مشخص شد که تمرکز ادبیات جاری بر موضوعاتی نظیر مفاهیم کلیدی یادگیری کارآفرینانه در بحران، آموزش و به‌خصوص آموزش دیجیتال، مدیریت کسب‌وکار و مفاهیم و مطالعات موردی هستند که درنتیجه شرایط بحران کرونا گسترش بسیار زیادی داشته‌اند.  
نتیجه‌گیری/ دستاوردها: مقاله حاضر با بررسی ۴۵۹ مقاله یکتای استخراج شده از دو پایگاه استنادی WOS و Scopus و انجام تحلیل کتاب‌سنجی، برای پژوهشگران یک دید کلی از نقشه فعالیت‌های علمی دراین حوزه مطالعاتی ارائه می‌دهد. دراین پژوهش، جریان‌های اصلی و ریشه‌های این حوزه مطالعاتی بررسی شد و به پژوهشگران و سازمان‌های تحقیقاتی کمک می‌کند دید عمیق‌تری نسبت به این جریان جدید، اما دارای ریشه‌های مستحکم در ادبیات داشته باشند. جریان‌های اصلی ادبیات حول موضوعات چیستی و مطالعات موردی درراستای فهم پیامدهای یادگیری کارآفرینانه در شرایط بحران شکل گرفته‌اند. درخصوص منابع و چگونگی یادگیری کارآفرینانه در شرایط بحران، ادبیات کمتر گسترش یافته و زمینه‌های مناسبی برای مطالعات آتی وجود دارد.     
کلیدواژه‌ها
یادگیری در بحران
یادگیری کارآفرینانه
مرور سیستماتیک
کتاب‌سنجی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Entrepreneurial Learning in Critical Conditions: A Literature Review with Bibliometric Approach

نویسندگان English

Seyyed Ahmad Alavi 1
Ayatolllah Momayez 1
Afsaneh Bagheri 2
1 Department of technology Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Entrepreneurship Development, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: A research stream in the field of entrepreneurial learning claims that transformative learning is often created in critical situations. Critical conditions lead to stimuli by which an entrepreneur can learn in these conditions with extensive effects on their performance and mental assumptions, commonly called transformational learning. The widespread COVID crisis drew researchers’ attention to the phenomenon of the crisis once again. The articles published during the post-COVID crisis period outnumber all the articles published in this field before. So, entrepreneurial learning in crisis has been a topic of interest in recent years. The purpose of this research was to examine the scope of research in the field of entrepreneurial learning in critical conditions using bibliometric analysis. It is concluded by explaining research fields for researchers and those interested in this field.  
Methodology: The research was conducted with the bibliometric method and analysis techniques of co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence of keywords. The research employed Publish or Perish software, which allows for searching and checking data obtained from citation databases, and VOSviewer software, which is used in preparing and creating visual maps including co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence networks of keywords.
Findings: Based on the clusters identified in the co-citation network, the roots of entrepreneurial learning literature in crisis can be categorized into five research areas. Transformational learning, crisis, and small and medium-sized businesses, dynamic capabilities, mathematical methods to analyze the behavior of entrepreneurs, and finally the development of individual skills in order to be flexible and resilient are the key research areas in the literature. Similarly, based on the co-occurrence analysis of keywords, the current literature focuses on issues such as key concepts of entrepreneurial learning in crisis, education and especially digital education, business management, and concepts and case studies that have expanded greatly as a result of the widespread COVID-19 crisis.
Conclusion/ Implication: By examining 459 unique articles extracted from WOS and Scopus and conducting bibliometric analysis, this article provides researchers with an overview of the map of scientific activities in this field of study. In this research, the main currents and roots of this field of study can be investigated. It helps researchers and research organizations to have a deeper view of this new current but with strong roots in the literature. The main streams of the literature have been formed around the issues of the essence and case studies to understand the consequences of entrepreneurial learning in critical conditions. The literature is not developed enough regarding the resources and how to learn entrepreneurially in critical conditions, and there is a suitable scope for future research.  

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Learning in Critical
Entrepreneurial Learning
Systematic Literature Review
Bibliometrics
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